The Great Depression Of The 1950 S - 831 Words

In the 1950’s America was changing, the difference in just two decades was phenomenal. After World War II America became unrecognizable from the past. It was almost as if America did not even go into the Great Depression. In 1950 new signs of America influence came from every which direction. With the American economy booming, Americans were able to come up with more ideas to go along with the society they were now living. According to The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the years after World War II were often described as an â€Å"economic miracle.† The GNP was growing rapidly, and America was quickly on the page to becoming the richest country in the world. The average family also started bringing in a greater income for their†¦show more content†¦Large companies also began to move their franchises overseas for cheaper work labor. As the industrial life changed, so did the lives of the Americans. An article The United States, 1945-1995 mentions that the American jobs went from producing goods to talking to people and providing services. With growing education levels, home ownership, and higher income allowed Americans to become apart of the â€Å"consumer republic.† Consumption from a home fired the postwar economy more than anything. This was caused because of the amount of houses that were sold from the nineteen-fifties to the nineteen-seventies. The industries encouraged consumers to replace their appliances and automobiles every two years. The amount of money spent on household things increased drastically since the end of World War II. The children also encourage consumption. The baby boom allowed for industries to focus on selling and advertising items for their age. The industries came up with new baby products. As the baby boomers got older the companies kept up and created more things that, that age would like and parents would buy. Along with everything else the television began to revolutionize as well. T elevision became to emerge quickly in the United States. Only the personal computer and automobile were able to be equal to the television in transforming technology. In 1947 there were over seven thousand homes, three years later American homes owned seven million televisionShow MoreRelatedEssay on U.S. Technological Advances 1925-19501619 Words   |  7 Pages| Technology Advances From 1925-1950 | | | | | | Technological Advances From 1925-1950 This country has seen some of the most dramatic changes in technology, the economy, and global dominance to ever occur in America’s history. Times were good during the 1920s as the economy was booming and unemployment was low. However, the market was being overinflated and the pace of economic growth could not be sustained and in 1929 the stock market started dropping significantly. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 972 Words   |  4 Pagesit. A further look into the 1950’s may give an insight into the troubled mind of Holden Caulfield. Holden lived in a time of rebound and, for many Americans, a time of anxiety, that being the 1950’s. With World War II just coming to an end a new challenge was brought to the plate of the United States of America. This challenge being the Cold War. Fears of the idea of Communism, and a war fought with deadly atomic bombs danced in many Americans minds. However, the 1950’s definitely had an upside toRead More1850-1875. 1850-1875 Was All About Fashion For Women As1361 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the garment to disguise poor dressmaking skills. It was not a very practical garment and only really suited to the very slim and those who did not have to work. As a fashion, it barely lasted 3 years†. Progress Begins 1900-1910 In the early 1900’s women’s working conditions were very unfair compared to men. Women were fighting so hard to be treated equally as men in all aspects of their workforce. This was very difficult because the number of women working was still very low compared to men. â€Å"InRead MoreSharie Johnson . Deindustrialization In Ohio . Deindustrialization901 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch of 1941. The cash and carry† policy in 1939 was then created, allowing the U.S. to supply goods to any nation that could pay cash and carry the goods away. While providing great assistance to Great Britain and its allies, the program also offered economic benefits to the U.S., which remained enmeshed in the Great Depression. More importantly, it began the process of shifting American industries to a wartime footing. In September 1940, Congress established the first peacetime military draft in theRead MoreNever Ending Events On The Movie A Raisin Of The Sun 1147 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters face many difficulties that pertain to their life in the 1950s. One issue the family faces is residential segregation. Another difficulty is pursuing education in a field that is predominantly male or female. A third challenge is dealing with money issues. Hansberry wrote the book to reflect the current events of the 1950s, but these events also relate to before the 1950s and the present, 2016. Residential Segregation Before the 1950s, America heavily participated in slavery. Rich white malesRead MoreThe Absolute Value Of America1555 Words   |  7 Pagesits simplest form- is defined as the buying and selling of products. When tracing the evolution of consumerism in America, one must explore many factors that led up to today’s consumerist culture; the economic ups and downs of the 1920s through the 1950s, the anti-consumerist movement in the 1960s, and people’s obsession with material items in modern society. The 1920s, also known as the â€Å"Roaring twenties,† was a time of increased wealth and prosperity for some. After World War I, production in AmericaRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Great Depression1053 Words   |  5 Pagesbegan moving into Chicago in great numbers following the Great Depression. As a result, tensions arose as they moved into the city, which sparked â€Å"the great migration of the whites.† who moved out of the city to the suburbs.Which caused the White Flight This investigation will analyze to what extent did negative racial encounters in the 1950’s caused the white fight to the suburbs.African Americans began moving into Chicago in great numbers following the Great Depression. Tensions arose as theyRead MoreWomen s Roles During The Great Depression1413 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent did white women’s social roles change from the 1920s to the Great Depression when employment and income decreased nationwide? A. Plan of Investigation The Great Depression devastated the United States, and remains the worst depression ever experienced by the nation. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† when the economy was thriving in the United States, women took the opportunity to improve their social statuses through enlightenment, but as this period came to an end women’s social rolesRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1558 Words   |  7 PagesWar changes many things. It changes people, families, towns, and societies. War changes the world and it changes people s attitudes. One common trend seen after major wars is a time of economic prosperity, when the economy is booming and all is well. This was seen after both World Wars, in the 1920’s and the 1950’s. In each decade, everyone was returning from the war, spirits high, and looking to celebrate. The economy prospered, and all was well. One major change that came about from theseRead MoreThe Cause Of The Baby Boom Era126 4 Words   |  6 Pagesand all the men coming back to their wives. There are many theories that purport to explain the causes of the baby boom. Among those theories is the belief that the increase in population growth was in direct correlation with the end of the Great Depression and World War II. This theory is explained by considering the decrease in fertility due to the economic hardship during these dreadful events. This theory is supported by the fact that many men were off fighting World War II, making it difficult

The Issue Of Substance Abuse Within Indigenous Communities

The issue of substance abuse within Indigenous communities is a key contributor for their over-representation in the YJS. For instance, results from the 2002 NATSISS (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey) has indicated the likelihood of being charged for a criminal offence is 3 in 5 for high-risk alcohol users, in comparison to 1 in 4 for non-consumers (Weatherburn et al. 2006, p8). Moreover, the National Drug Strategy Household Survey has found that IY were more likely than NIY to have high-risk alcohol consumption (Juodo 2008, pp9-10). These findings provide a link for the higher rate of IY in the YJS and the government’s initiatives to implement punitive control on Indigenous communities regarding alcohol†¦show more content†¦According to (Hayes et al. 2004, p32), strong values developed in adolescents have indicated lower alcohol abuse and dependence at age 21. Without pre-existing values in IY to avoid alcohol assumption, the enforced rest rictions will not be as effective. Involvement of Indigenous leaders In the NT, 97% of youth in the juvenile detention are IY (Vita 2015, p8). According to Vita (2015, p11), youth in the YJS come from backgrounds of poverty, alcohol abuse, violence and dysfunctional relations; hence higher level of intervention is required for these young people. This report agrees that alcohol abuse and weak family ties contribute to IY’s representation within the YJS, but it argues that forms of interventions should be limited. As mentioned in previous works, early interventions may lead to youth labelled as criminals (McAra McVie 2010, p189; Paternoster and Iovanni 1989, p375). Additionally, previous interventions consisted of the removal of Aboriginal children from their natural families may affect the cultural identity of these youth (ATSIC 2000, p163; Graham 1999, p7 9). This has implications for the policies that seek to involve Aboriginal Elders in their response. Morgan et al. (2014, p77) has found the collaboration of Indigenous leaders in the development of crime prevention projects is an effective measure. However, this report is aware that this may not be effective for all IY. Due to the loss of cultural knowledge in manyShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Health And Wellbeing1506 Words   |  7 PagesHealth and wellbeing is well-defined across many countries as multi-dimensional and holistic approach specifically in Indigenous views. Health for Indigenous population is not only physical, but also social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of the whole community. However in Australia, there’s a lack of frameworks supporting the meaning of health that are based on Indigenous understanding (Priest et al. 2012). Thus some ethnic group also families living in poverty are being misrepresented by childRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1555 Words   |  7 Pageslives of Indigenous people, has had a tremendous impact comprehensively. Af ter so, this contact decimated every aspect of the Indigenous way of life. The health and well-being of Indigenous people initiated to worsen severely not only in the physical aspect but also mental. According to National Household Survey conducted in 2011, 1,400,685 people have been identified as being a member of one of the Aboriginal groups within Canada. Within these Aboriginal groups, critical mental health issues such asRead MoreThe Assimilation Policy ( 1961 )1540 Words   |  7 PagesAssimilation policy (1961) has impacted on Indigenous Australians within their physical and mental state and identity present in today’s society. Australia is commonly considered to be free and fair in their culturally diverse societies, but when the Indigenous population is closer looked into, it is clear that from a social and economical view their health needs are disadvantaged compared to non-Indigenous equals. In relation to this, the present Indigenous health is being impacted by d isadvantagesRead MoreIntroduction. The Healthcare Improvement Of Aboriginal1291 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare improvement of aboriginal population in countries like Australia has been a challenging issue in front of both government and non-government healthcare organizations. Significant gap is present between the government legislations and policies regarding the health and social wellbeing between the native Australian and indigenous communities. It is a concern of human rights among the indigenous people of Australia and the matter has been a topic of debate in the committee meeting of UnitedRead MoreAboriginals Marginalised in Todays Society1002 Words   |  5 PagesIndigenous Australians marginalized in today’s society Introduction Archaeologists believe that aboriginals first came to Australia about 45, 000 years ago and were the only population of humans in Australia until the British invasion. There are about 500 different aboriginal groups each with their own language and territory and usually made up of several separate clans. The aboriginals of Australia are marginalised in today society. This marginalisation began right back during the British invasionRead MoreThe Effects Of Residential Schools On Disadvantaged Backgrounds855 Words   |  4 Pagestremendous psychological abuse to not only the children being forced to leave their homes, but also to their guardians. After this traumatic event, many aboriginal people resorted to substance abuse in order to cope with their experience in these schools. One study reported â€Å"82 percent of individuals were involved in substance abuse behaviors after attending residential schools.† (Chansonneuve, 2007, p.22). I believe that there is a negative correla tion between substance abuse and crime rates, as provenRead MoreIncarceration And Drug And Alcohol Abuse Rehabilitation Programs1947 Words   |  8 Pagesas the minorities and indigenous groups who we see over and over again being imprisoned. There is also a pattern we see across different indigenous groups around different countries who are also facing similar problems because of their native’ status, such as Maori from New Zealand, Aboriginals from Canada and Indians from the USA, just to name a few. This essay will critically discuss the key issues identified by criminologists on huge incarceration rate for indigenous people, which includesRead MoreIndigenous Australia s Criminal Justice System3061 Words   |  13 PagesWhile Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Indigenous Australians) represent only about 3% of the total population of Australia, in 2013, they comprised over 27% of Australia s prison population (an increase from 25% in 2009). In the same year , the incarceration rate for Indigenous Australian prisoners was 15 times higher than the rate for their non-Indigenous counterparts, an increase in the ratio compared to 2011 (when it was 14 times higher) (ABS, 2013). It is evident from statisticalRead MoreIndigenous Disadvantage Essay2105 Words   |  9 PagesWorking Effectively with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Why are Indigenous people in Australia still disadvantaged with regard to health care and services? For the last 200 years Indigenous people have been victims of discrimination, prejudice and disadvantage. Poor education, poor living conditions and general poverty are still overwhelming issues for a large percentage of our people and we remain ‘as a group, the most poverty stricken sector of the working class’ inRead MoreThe Damages Caused by Canadian Residential Schools for Indigenous Children in the 19th Century1618 Words   |  7 Pagesnineteenth century, the government of Canada felt it had an obligation to the nations people to educate the Indigenous population of the country. The federal government sought to pursue this task through the development of residential schools. Under this system, framed by the Davin Report, Congregations of Christian missionaries were responsible for providing compulsory education to Indigenous children within governmentally constructed schools. They were charged with assimilating these children into mainstream

The Painful Price Of Lies - 1414 Words

The Painful Price of Lies Guy de Maupassant, writer of â€Å"The Necklace†, is a renowned French short story author from the 19th century. Considered to have died at a young age from poor mental health, he still produced several short stories and six novels (e.g., biography.com). Guy de Maupassant is an author who can write in great dept with such little space. â€Å"The Necklace† is just one of his many great works that has his consistent technique. This particular short story is about a nice-looking and charismatic woman, named Mathilde Loisel. She is unpleased with her life and she wants a lot more. She desires a wealthy person’s lifestyle, and the things she does to accomplish her goals causes her constant worry. Her husband, Monsieur Loisel, inherits two tickets to the Ministerial Ball. Mr. Loisel is a man that is willing to do anything and everything for his wife, no matter the grievance it causes for him. Mr. Loisel then gives her money to purchase an acceptable dress; after she co mplains that she has not a thing to wear. The elegant ball dress that she now has is not enough, and she insists that she must have some trinkets. She receives a scornful suggestion, from Monsieur Loisel, to ask Madame Forestier for a piece of jewelry. Mme. Forestier is a woman who for the most part seems very wealthy and really fashionable, and she is the exact kind of woman Mrs. Loisel wants to imitate. After Mme. Loisel borrows a diamond necklace, her temporal happiness is short lived when sheShow MoreRelatedFinancing The Failing U.s. Healthcare System1515 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the U.S. healthcare model including the method of, and who is reimbursing the providers. The method of reimbursement determines which party will bear the greater financial risk and can lead to an excess supply of medical services that drive up prices and provide no additional benefit to individual consumers because of producer and consumer moral hazard. To maintain a sound healthcare market government regulation is required in the current U.S. healthcare system because it would otherwise failRead MoreMassage Therapy Is So Popular Today1612 Words   |  7 Pagesuncommon. It has a modern shape to it, that definitely would not match furniture had he set it up in our living room. At any rate though, the chair was new, it was top of the line at the time, and he HAD to have it. On the arm rests the chairs remote lies, here you can adjust the chair to lean back, or forward, and this is also where you choose which type of massage you would like. The on off switch is also located on the left side of the chair. My Use: Of course he did not let anyone on it untilRead MoreSlave ry And The End Of Freedom912 Words   |  4 Pageslives rapidly changed when Europeans arrived in their homeland. The early sixteen hundreds was the beginning of slavery and the end of freedom for many Africans. Getting shipped into a new country against your will would certainly be a traumatic and painful adjustment. The Africans had to overcome unfathomable obstacles just to survive the journey to America. Slavery was just gaining popularity in this time period, seeing as newly founded colonials in America were looking for labor to assist in farmingRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Has Caused A Massive Deterioration Of Public Finances1465 Words   |  6 Pageseuro area was able to comply with the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Public debt in the euro area increased from 65% to 85% of GDP between 2007 and 2010. This debt crisis was certainly foreseeable, but the difficulty with the debt of the states lies in the history that can be made for each country, notably Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy and Portugal. In fact, all countries have followed different paths and today they are burdened with debts more or less important that have multiple causes. TheRead MoreIgnorance, Ignorance And Ignorance1136 Words   |  5 Pages(Ness, 209), can a person finally relieve themselves of the burden of ignorance. Why would a person act so brash and fail to acknowledge reality? Well, as the yew tree monster puts it, â€Å"Your mind will believe comforting lies while also knowing the painful truths that make those lies necessary. And your mind will punish you for believing both† (Ness, 212). It is easier to believe what one wants to hear than the reality of the situation. The need to feel belonging is also an influencer in the is ignoranceRead MoreBody Language And Nonverbal Communication1624 Words    |  7 Pagestears speaking of something painful. You can get an idea of what others think of you by the nonverbal signals they produce. You know that someone is happy to see you if they welcome you with open arms. You can also evaluate someone s reaction to obtain the positive or negative feedback and use it to your advantage. For example, a car salesman shows a customer the price of a vehicle. If the client draws air through his teeth and turned away, it is likely to think the price is too high. The seller hasRead MorePrice of Freedom in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Price of Freedom in A Dolls House   Ã‚   Freedom is something that people in all times, places, and experiences have sought after, often against great odds and at a great personal cost. But, in the struggle for freedom, every person gains a sense of true self, if they believe that the freedom which they are fighting for is just. In almost all plays, every character has something threatened which is important to them and which they consider worth fighting for. In Henrik Ibsens play ARead MoreEssay on Foreclosure Crisis- The Result of Unserviceable Debt1588 Words   |  7 Pagescaused by too much cheap money loaned to people who were not sound credit risks to buy homes they could not afford. When home prices are completely out of line with wages and people who would normally have a hard time getting a friend to loan them $20 are able to take out interest-only loans to buy over-priced housing, something is very, very wrong. 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Absolutely everything that they thought was so, is now in question and it becomes apparent that the attainment of truth will be a painful process. After Neo chooses to take the path of the red pill and he inquires to Morpheus â€Å"why do my eyes hurt?† in which Morpheus replies â€Å"because you ve never used them before† Similarly, Socrates describes the prisoners exodus from the cave to Glaucon

Cultural Differences and Business

Question: Discuss about theCultural Differences and Business. Answer: Introduction: Nowadays, the term globalization has turned to be a reality. Advancement in the area of information and technology, as well as, liberalization in the investment and trade have increased the speed and ease with which companies are able to manage and carry their global operations (Morling, Kitayama and Miyamoto, 2002). Because of globalization, various companies are now establishing and operating their operations in more than one area and country. The crossing of the limits of geographical boundaries by various companies gave birth to the development of multicultural organization where individuals from different countries are work together (Krishna, Sahay, Walsham, 2004). It may be consistent that these companies are finding the expansion of their work at a global level to be lucrative and attractive but operating, as well as, managing the business globally is normally very tough and difficult in comparison to the management of a local company. There are various factors by which the g lobal business gets affected like differences in socio, cultural, economic, political, and legal environments. Moreover, the global businesses are also vulnerable to a various number of risks such as currency risks, political risks, cross-cultural risks, etc (Zetik and Stuhlmacher, 2002). This review article will include the factors that will help in overcoming the barriers of cultural differences in the businesses. Moreover, this review article will be focused on the analysis of the article based on the Managing changes in globalizing business: how to manage cross-cultural business partners, by Graen et al. The main aim of the article by Graen et al. was presenting an approach, which can be helpful and beneficial in building the partnerships between two different cultures and nationalities. The approach that was being used in this study for the establishment of partnerships between cross-cultural or cultural-national was the development of third cultures and its use as a foundation for developing effective business partnerships. The utilization of the cross-cultural diversity and effective knowledge can help in providing a source of innovative thinking and experience for enhancing the organizations competitive position globally. However, cultural differences and diversity may interfere and hinder the successful completion of the goals of the organization in todays multicultural community of global businesses. Hence, to avoid the origin of these cultural misunderstandings, the managers of the organization should be focused on cultural sensitivity and should promote motivation and creativ ity through flexible leadership (Van Boven and Thompson, 2003). As everyone is familiar that people across different cultures and nations have different beliefs and behavior, managing these differences in different cultures involves knowledge and understanding of how events or objects are defined and described in various cultures. Language, behavior, and institutions are the specific phenomena that are different in every nation and culture and are known to be as nominal differences. While, the other type of differences called the systematic differences consists of various fundamental differences existing in the types of values, philosophy, and beliefs of social regulation, which drives the manifested, observed phenomena in a culture or nation. Hence, to manage these cross-cultural or cross-national partnerships in an effective manner, there should be a well understanding, as well as, management of both systematic and nominal differences existing between the partnerships (Graen Hui, 1996). Historically, the intercultural cooperation was used to be attained by dominating the one culture by the other. However, this approach resulted in various dysfunctional outcomes involving resistance by means of violent and nonviolent methods. In the article published by Graen et al., this approach is addressed by the name of Two cultures. According to Graen et al., two cultures is when the two partners are not willing to accept the cultures of each other and try to enforce their cultures and beliefs on each other. The management of cross-cultural differences by this type come into force when a corporate body impose its whole system on the partners from cross-cultures and do not pay any or slight regard to their systematic or nominal cultural differences. This approach is based on the short-term focus and leads to the confrontation and competition within the organization partnership. In this case, business partners are focused on a win-lose position, where each partner wants his/her g ain in comparison to the other partner. As the two cultures concept was not a reliable method of overcoming the barriers of cultural differences, it failed to achieve the desired outcome of the organizations globally. Hence, a new concept of Third culture was established by which a cross-cultural management could be approached (Graen Hui, 1996). The third culture is focused on transcending and bridging of the two different cultures. In the process of bridging the existing cultural differences, the third cultures consist of different ways to convey compromises between the two distinct cultural practices. Moreover, this approach not only focuses on the nominal differences but also recognizes the systematic differences. Hence, through bridging the existing cultural differences, the partners from the different culture find methods to come up with the management programs and techniques, as well as, organizational practices that are acceptable to both the cultures (Graen Hui, 1996). According to Graen et al., the absence of the third culture can result in the failures very easily in the cross-cultural or cross-national business partnerships, while cultivation and use of a third culture often lead to the success. The evidence for his findings has been supported by a case study of a Japanese company. The Japanese companys venture i n Australia failed due to the failure of developing a cross-cultural partnerships between Australians and Japanese. As they never developed a third culture in their partnership they failed to mature into cross-culture partnerships. However, after few years when they developed a third culture during establishing a new venture in America, it leads to the successful venture. There was a development of a cross-cultural partnerships between the American and Japanese managers, which allowed sharing of "insider" hopes, solutions, and fears. They attained real understanding, knowledge and formed third culture procedures for decision-making. Hence, clearly describing the importance of the third culture in the management of cross-cultural partnerships. Graen et al. described the ways by which a third culture could be established and the requirement of transcultural for establishing the third culture. To become transcultural, the following characteristics are required, which are cultural adven turers, cultural sensitizer, discrepant cultural insider, comparative culture judges, and socializing sensitizers (Graen Hui, 1996). There are various researchers who are in support for the concept of third culture, like according to Wendi et al., third culture is the multi-cultural partners shared schema, which not only consists of knowledge of team and work, but also contains a shared system of values, beliefs, as well as, norms established in the two different cultures of the partnership members and helps in overcoming the cultural differences existing between the cross-cultural partnerships (L. Adair, H. Tinsley, S. Taylor, 2006). Useem et al. defined the third culture to be shared and learned behavior patterns of the individuals from distinct cultures who are communicating with each other. A third culture consists of a shared understanding consisting of work affliated norms, as well as, worldviews, thus helping to understand the cultural differences (Useem, Useem, Donoghue, 1963). According to Earley et al., third culture also called as a hybrid culture, is an simplified and emergent set of norms, rules, ro les, and anticipation that members of the team share and act, thus offering a common approach to identity, which turns to be specific to a team and helps in facilitating the team interaction (Earley Mosakowski, 2000). Casmir (1993), states that third culture includes shared systems of values, frameworks, and communication systems, which evolves when individuals from different culture interacts to share the resources for achieving a common goal (Casmir, 1993). The third culture helps in successful achievement of the task as this approach is and involves information not only about the team knowledge and the task but helps in understanding the cultural values, beliefs, and norms of the two culturally diverse teams (Mannix Brett, 2002). The management of cross-cultural diversity is undoubtedly important and greatly impact the success of global business operations. The research has shown that the management of the international business is inseparable from the concept of cultural differences because culture represents the shared norms, beliefs, symbols, and values that direct life of people of different groups (McIntyre and Foti, 2013). Moreover, the use of traditional two cultures is inadequate of solving the cultural diversities in the period of globalization (Demoulin and de Dreu, 2010). Hence, I also believe that the idea and development of the third culture is beneficial in overcoming the barriers faced by the culturally different environment in the organization and agrees with the authors point of view. As the third culture helps in identification and understanding of the cultures and beliefs of both the partners, it decreases the rise of conflict that can originate from the two different teams having different beliefs and values. Moreover, besides understanding the culture of both the partners it also transcends both the cultures and works for both of them (Earley Mosakowski, 2000). It is not just a concept based on the compromises, but also a new method of thinking and performing tasks in a way that are compatible to both the sides of the partnership and works effectively in accordance with the companys technology. Hence, development of the third culture is very beneficial and effective for the success of the international business work organizations and in overcoming the cultural barriers. References Casmir, F. (1993). Third-Culture Building: A Paradigm Shift for International and Intercultural Communication.Annals of the International Communication Association, 16(1), pp.407-428. Demoulin, S. and de Dreu, C. (2010). Introduction: Negotiation in intergroup conflict.Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 13(6), pp.675-683. Earley, P. and Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating hybrid team cultures: an empirical test of transnational team functioning.Academy of Management Journal, 43(1), pp.26-49. Graen, G. and Hui, C. (1996). Managing changes in globalizing business: how to manage crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural business partners.Journal of OrgChange Mgmt, 9(3), pp.62-72. Krishna, S., Sahay, S. and Walsham, G. (2004). Managing cross-cultural issues in global software outsourcing.Communications of the ACM, 47(4), pp.62-66. Adair,, W., H. Tinsley, C. and S. Taylor, M. (2006). MANAGING THE Intercultural Interface: Third Cultures, Antecedents, And Consequences.Research on Managing Groups and Teams,, 7. Mannix, E. and Brett, J. (2002). Negotiating Globally: How to Negotiate Deals, Resolve Disputes, and Make Decisions across Cultural Boundaries.Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56(1), p.193. McIntyre, H. and Foti, R. (2013). The impact of shared leadership on teamwork mental models and performance in self-directed teams.Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 16(1), pp.46-57. Morling, B., Kitayama, S. and Miyamoto, Y. (2002). Cultural Practices Emphasize Influence in the United States and Adjustment in Japan.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), pp.311-323. Useem, J., Useem, R. and Donoghue, J. (1963). Men in the Middle of the Third Culture: The Roles of American and Non-Western People in Cross-Cultural Administration.Human Organization, 22(3), pp.169-179. Van Boven, L. and Thompson, L. (2003). A Look into the Mind of the Negotiator: Mental Models in Negotiation.group proc intergr relat, 6(4), pp.387-404. Zetik, D. and Stuhlmacher, A. (2002). Goal Setting and Negotiation Performance: A Meta-Analysis.Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 5(1), pp.35-52.